Growing fruit trees in Namibia
Growing fruit trees can be a rewarding business venture; however, it requires farmers to possess essential knowledge and understanding to profitably grow trees of high value.
According to Agribank’s technical advisor for crops and poultry, Hanks Saisai, with Namibia being a net importer of fruits, growing fruit trees remains a venture with a lot of unexploited opportunities that farmers are encouraged to explore.
He said farmers need to understand that growing fruit trees requires knowledge of basic land preparation, seedling purchases and caring for the trees until they reach maturity.
“Namibia’s semi-arid environment offers an opportune environment for fruit tree growing.”
Understand the process
He said the north-central (Oshana, Oshikoto, Ohangwena and Omusati regions) and north-east (Kavango East, Kavango West and Zambezi regions) present an ideal environment to grow fruit trees to produce high-value fruits such as oranges, mangoes, naartjies, lemons, guavas, papaya and avocados.
“To successfully grow fruit trees, farmers need to understand that most seedlings must be purchased a month or two before the onset of the rainy season.”
Moreover, the seedlings must be grown in light, well-drained, and aerated soil that contains a high proportion of organic matter to supply essential nutrients.
Saisai said that to prepare the soil, it is essential to follow basic guidelines.
Promoting growth
“Fruit trees should be planted in planting holes that are 1m wide, 1m length and 1m in depth.”
After digging the hole, farmers must fill it up with water to reach a depth of at least 60 cm.
The bottom section of the hole (at least 15 to 20 cm) must be filled with grass mulch, then another layer of about 20 to 30 cm must be filled with manure, followed by a thin layer of soil of about 5 to 10 cm.
“This should be followed by another layer of organic matter, such as leaves or dry grass, a layer of manure and another layer of soil. The top half of the planting hole (30 cm) is the section where a farmer would place the seedling after removing it from the planting bag.”
Once the seedling has been placed in the top layer of the hole, one should firmly place soil with organic matter and firmly press the soil around the seedling. The seedlings must be irrigated using a drip irrigation system, a sprinkler system or a watering can.
This should be followed by the application of mulch to minimise water loss through transpiration.
Essential tips
He said when one grows citrus fruit trees, mangoes and other fruit trees, it is essential to apply nitrogen-rich fertilisers every 6 weeks to promote growth for the first 3 years.
“Additionally, when a farmer buys grafted seedlings, it is essential to prune the seedlings as they grow (at least 60 cm above ground must not have any side branches) to encourage the trees to grow in an upward direction.”
He said if the fruit trees bear fruit before they are three years old, it is advisable to remove the fruits that are developing, as it will encourage stronger growth of the trees.
Fruit trees that are under three years of age must be kept moist daily. After year three, however, it is advisable to stress the trees by not watering them at all from May to July, as this will encourage them to grow their tap roots deeper into the soil to access moisture.
“When they begin to bear fruit, farmers are advised to keep the soil moist at least once or twice per day. This will prevent the fruits from falling off the trees.”
As a prevention strategy, fruit tree growers are always encouraged to control the fruit fly pest by using bait poison or pheromones that attract the males and prevent breeding, or one can use Spinosad.
Saisai said that growing fruit trees on a commercial basis will require one to establish an orchard that allows trees to be grown in an orderly manner.
“One must grow the trees in rows, and the length of the planting rows in the orchard must be the same. If one has a 1-hectare orchard and intends to grow citrus, a spacing recommendation of 7m between rows by 7m within rows is ideal; this will allow a farmer to grow about 204 trees.”
According to Agribank’s technical advisor for crops and poultry, Hanks Saisai, with Namibia being a net importer of fruits, growing fruit trees remains a venture with a lot of unexploited opportunities that farmers are encouraged to explore.
He said farmers need to understand that growing fruit trees requires knowledge of basic land preparation, seedling purchases and caring for the trees until they reach maturity.
“Namibia’s semi-arid environment offers an opportune environment for fruit tree growing.”
Understand the process
He said the north-central (Oshana, Oshikoto, Ohangwena and Omusati regions) and north-east (Kavango East, Kavango West and Zambezi regions) present an ideal environment to grow fruit trees to produce high-value fruits such as oranges, mangoes, naartjies, lemons, guavas, papaya and avocados.
“To successfully grow fruit trees, farmers need to understand that most seedlings must be purchased a month or two before the onset of the rainy season.”
Moreover, the seedlings must be grown in light, well-drained, and aerated soil that contains a high proportion of organic matter to supply essential nutrients.
Saisai said that to prepare the soil, it is essential to follow basic guidelines.
Promoting growth
“Fruit trees should be planted in planting holes that are 1m wide, 1m length and 1m in depth.”
After digging the hole, farmers must fill it up with water to reach a depth of at least 60 cm.
The bottom section of the hole (at least 15 to 20 cm) must be filled with grass mulch, then another layer of about 20 to 30 cm must be filled with manure, followed by a thin layer of soil of about 5 to 10 cm.
“This should be followed by another layer of organic matter, such as leaves or dry grass, a layer of manure and another layer of soil. The top half of the planting hole (30 cm) is the section where a farmer would place the seedling after removing it from the planting bag.”
Once the seedling has been placed in the top layer of the hole, one should firmly place soil with organic matter and firmly press the soil around the seedling. The seedlings must be irrigated using a drip irrigation system, a sprinkler system or a watering can.
This should be followed by the application of mulch to minimise water loss through transpiration.
Essential tips
He said when one grows citrus fruit trees, mangoes and other fruit trees, it is essential to apply nitrogen-rich fertilisers every 6 weeks to promote growth for the first 3 years.
“Additionally, when a farmer buys grafted seedlings, it is essential to prune the seedlings as they grow (at least 60 cm above ground must not have any side branches) to encourage the trees to grow in an upward direction.”
He said if the fruit trees bear fruit before they are three years old, it is advisable to remove the fruits that are developing, as it will encourage stronger growth of the trees.
Fruit trees that are under three years of age must be kept moist daily. After year three, however, it is advisable to stress the trees by not watering them at all from May to July, as this will encourage them to grow their tap roots deeper into the soil to access moisture.
“When they begin to bear fruit, farmers are advised to keep the soil moist at least once or twice per day. This will prevent the fruits from falling off the trees.”
As a prevention strategy, fruit tree growers are always encouraged to control the fruit fly pest by using bait poison or pheromones that attract the males and prevent breeding, or one can use Spinosad.
Saisai said that growing fruit trees on a commercial basis will require one to establish an orchard that allows trees to be grown in an orderly manner.
“One must grow the trees in rows, and the length of the planting rows in the orchard must be the same. If one has a 1-hectare orchard and intends to grow citrus, a spacing recommendation of 7m between rows by 7m within rows is ideal; this will allow a farmer to grow about 204 trees.”
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