Going green: What the industry can do

The global transportation and logistics industry is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. However, transitioning to sustainable transport and logistics systems not only helps mitigate environmental damage but also promotes economic growth, efficiency and energy security.

The most direct way to reduce the environmental footprint of transportation is by transitioning from conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). Electric trucks, buses and cars produce zero tailpipe emissions, thus significantly reducing air pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. EVs can be integrated into urban delivery systems, long-haul freight operations, and public transportation networks.

In logistics, electric freight vehicles are emerging, with several manufacturers designing electric trucks capable of carrying heavy loads over long distances. Moreover, advancements in battery technology are improving the energy efficiency and range of these electric vehicles, making them more viable for long-term use in logistics.



Renewable, fuel-efficient

Green transport systems need to be powered by renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower – not coal-fired generation. For instance, charging stations for electric vehicles can be equipped with solar panels, helping to reduce the carbon footprint of electric transport. Additionally, logistics companies can power warehouses and distribution centres with renewable energy, ensuring that the entire supply chain operates sustainably.

Rail networks also present a viable alternative to traditional road freight transport. Rail transport can move large quantities of goods more efficiently, with lower emissions than trucks.

For sectors that still rely on internal combustion engines, improving fuel efficiency is a critical step in reducing environmental impact. This can be achieved through technological advancements such as lightweight materials, improved aerodynamics, and more efficient engines. For instance, using advanced engine technology in trucks can reduce fuel consumption, thus lowering greenhouse gas emissions.



Alternatives

In addition, the use of alternative fuels like hydrogen, biofuels and synthetic fuels can help decarbonise the transport and logistics sectors. Hydrogen-powered vehicles – as demonstrated in Walvis Bay earlier this year – in particular, are gaining traction as a clean alternative for both passenger and freight transport. Biofuels, derived from plant or waste materials, offer a renewable option to replace traditional gasoline and diesel fuels, while also reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Furthermore, logistics can significantly reduce carbon emissions by improving the efficiency of transport operations. Optimised routing, using advanced algorithms and real-time data, can help reduce travel distances and avoid congestion, leading to fuel savings and reduced emissions. Technologies like GPS and telematics systems enable fleet managers to monitor vehicle performance and adjust routes dynamically, avoiding delays and reducing fuel consumption.

Similarly, load management practices can reduce the number of trips required for delivery. By ensuring that trucks and transport vehicles are fully loaded, companies can reduce the number of empty or partially filled trucks on the road. This minimises emissions per ton-mile, contributing to greener logistics operations.



Intermodal options

Intermodal transport, which combines different modes of transportation (i.e. rail, road, sea and air), allows for more efficient and sustainable logistics operations. For example, goods can be transported by rail over long distances, reducing emissions, and then switched to electric trucks for local delivery. This approach can reduce congestion, lower fuel consumption and promote sustainability.

Shared mobility options, including ride-sharing, carpooling and collaborative freight networks, are also on the increase. By sharing transport resources, companies and individuals can reduce the number of vehicles on the road, thereby decreasing traffic congestion and lowering emissions.

Investing in sustainable infrastructure is another crucial step in promoting green logistics.

Towns and cities can design transport systems that prioritise public transit, walking and cycling, while limiting car use, as Windhoek is currently rolling out This shift not only reduces emissions but also decreases urban air pollution and improves public health.

Infrastructure development that supports green logistics includes installing charging stations for EVs and designing smart traffic management systems. Additionally, designing logistics hubs closer to urban centres reduces the need for long-haul transportation, thus minimizing emissions.



Circular economy

A circular economy approach, where goods are reused, refurbished or recycled, can complement green transport and logistics. For instance, optimising packaging to reduce waste and energy consumption during transportation helps minimise environmental impact. Likewise, reverse logistics systems, where goods are returned to manufacturers for recycling or reconditioning, further reduce waste and emissions.

Implementing efficient recycling systems in logistics operations can help reduce the demand for new raw materials and reduce the carbon footprint of product transportation.

Governments play a pivotal role in shaping the future of green transport and logistics. Implementing stringent emissions standards for vehicles, offering subsidies for the adoption of electric vehicles, and investing in clean energy infrastructure are all key policy actions that can support the transition to greener systems.

Carbon pricing, road tolls for high-emission vehicles, and tax incentives for using renewable energy can further encourage businesses to adopt sustainable practices.

The transport and logistics industry faces a significant challenge in reducing its environmental impact, but the solutions are available: From transitioning to electric vehicles and renewable energy to optimising operations and embracing alternative fuels, there are numerous ways to make the sector more sustainable.

However, it requires a holistic approach, combining innovation, policy support and industry collaboration, to create an environmentally responsible future for transportation and logistics. By making these shifts, the sector can play a pivotal role in the global effort to combat climate change.