Verkiesings 2019: Ondersteuning vir veelpartydemokrasie

Dani Booysen
Christie Keulder – Demokrasie laat verskeie politieke partye toe om gereeld tydens verkiesings mee te ding.

Burgers het ‘n grondwetlike reg om partye te vorm en die party van hul keuse te ondersteun. Outoritêre regerings wil hierteenoor populêre verteenwoordiging beperk, byvoorbeeld deur opposisie te verbied.

Een argument teen veelpartydemokrasie is dat dit mense verdeel. Dit kan kritieke en selfs gewelddadige verskille veroorsaak.

Grafiek 1 toon ondersteuning vir veelpartydemokrasie het sedert 2003 van 62% tot 74% in 2017 toegeneem. Voorkeur vir ‘n eenpartystelsel het van 39% in 2008 tot 26% in 2017 afgeneem.

Dit is een moontlike aanduiding dat ondersteuning vir veelpartydemokrasie konstant toegeneem het. Teenkanting hierteen is beperk.

Volgens grafiek 2 het net 26% van Namibiërs in 2017 geglo dat mededinging tussen partye dikwels of altyd tot gewelddadige konflik lei – ‘n skerp afname van 50% in 2006.

Die konsolidering van demokrasie behels baie meer, maar die data ondersteun die idee dat groeiende ondervinding van demokrasie tot groter ondersteuning vir demokrasie lei. Dit sal baie moeilik vir enige party wees om Namibiërs te oortuig dat opposisie afgeskaf moet word ten gunste van ‘n eenpartystelsel.

Dit is goeie nuus vir die toekoms van demokrasie in Namibië.

* Data is ontleen aan die Afrobarometer, 'n Pan-Afrikaanse reeks opnames oor nasionale houdings oor demokrasie, bestuur en die gemeenskap. Vir meer besonderhede, besoek afrobarometer.org.

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Currie Cup: Fidelity ADT Lions 14 vs 16 Hollywoodbets Sharks XV Rugby Championship: Australia 28 vs 31 New Zealand Premier League: Crystal Palace 0 vs 0 Manchester United | Tottenham Hotspur 3 vs 1 Brentford | Southampton 1 vs 1 Ipswich Town | Liverpool 3 vs 0 Bournemouth | Leicester City 1 vs 1 Everton | Fulham 3 vs 1 Newcastle | Aston Villa 3 vs 1 Wolves | West Ham 0 vs 3 Chelsea LaLiga: Real Madrid 4 vs 1 Espanyol | Valencia 2 vs 0 Girona | Osasuna 2 vs 1 Las Palmas | Real Valladolid 0 vs 0 Real Sociedad | Deportivo Alaves 2 vs 1 Sevilla | Leganés 0 vs 2 Athletic Club SerieA: Lecce 2 vs 2 Parma | Juventus 0 vs 0 Napoli | Venezia 2 vs 0 Genoa | Hellas Verona 2 vs 3 Torino | Cagliari 0 vs 2 Empoli European Championships Qualifying: West Bromwich Albion 1 vs 0 Plymouth Argyle | Sheffield United 1 vs 0 Derby County | Luton Town 2 vs 1 Sheffield Wednesday | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Swansea City | Cardiff City 0 vs 2 Leeds United | Burnley 2 vs 1 Portsmouth | Bristol City 2 vs 1 Oxford United | Sunderland 1 vs 0 Middlesbrough | Queens Park Rangers 1 vs 1 Millwall FC | Norwich City 4 vs 1 Watford | Stoke City 1 vs 3 Hull City English Championship: West Bromwich Albion 1 vs 0 Plymouth Argyle | Sheffield United 1 vs 0 Derby County | Luton Town 2 vs 1 Sheffield Wednesday | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Swansea City | Cardiff City 0 vs 2 Leeds United | Burnley 2 vs 1 Portsmouth | Bristol City 2 vs 1 Oxford United | Sunderland 1 vs 0 Middlesbrough | Queens Park Rangers 1 vs 1 Millwall FC | Norwich City 4 vs 1 Watford | Stoke City 1 vs 3 Hull City Katima Mulilo: 20° | 36° Rundu: 22° | 37° Eenhana: 18° | 38° Oshakati: 18° | 37° Ruacana: 18° | 36° Tsumeb: 22° | 35° Otjiwarongo: 15° | 33° Omaruru: 15° | 35° Windhoek: 15° | 31° Gobabis: 12° | 32° Henties Bay: 11° | 21° Wind speed: 18km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 07:45, High tide: 14:07, Low Tide: 20:11, High tide: 02:00 Swakopmund: 13° | 15° Wind speed: 15km/h, Wind direction: W, Low tide: 07:43, High tide: 14:05, Low Tide: 20:09, High tide: 02:00 Walvis Bay: 11° | 20° Wind speed: 19km/h, Wind direction: W, Low tide: 07:43, High tide: 14:04, Low Tide: 20:09, High tide: 02:00 Rehoboth: 11° | 32° Mariental: 12° | 34° Keetmanshoop: 11° | 31° Aranos: 11° | 33° Lüderitz: 13° | 21° Ariamsvlei: 10° | 30° Oranjemund: 14° | 30° Luanda: 22° | 24° Gaborone: 12° | 25° Lubumbashi: 19° | 35° Mbabane: 8° | 12° Maseru: 4° | 17° Antananarivo: 11° | 32° Lilongwe: 19° | 30° Maputo: 14° | 22° Windhoek: 15° | 31° Cape Town: 11° | 24° Durban: 13° | 18° Johannesburg: 6° | 19° Dar es Salaam: 23° | 30° Lusaka: 19° | 29° Harare: 13° | 28° Currency: GBP to NAD 23.26 | EUR to NAD 19.53 | CNY to NAD 2.48 | USD to NAD 17.5 | DZD to NAD 0.13 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.28 | EGP to NAD 0.35 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.65 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.16 | RUB to NAD 0.19 | INR to NAD 0.21 | USD to DZD 131.91 | USD to AOA 927.77 | USD to BWP 13.17 | USD to EGP 48.46 | USD to KES 128.48 | USD to NGN 1593.37 | USD to ZAR 17.41 | USD to ZMW 26.45 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index Same 0 | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1831.97 Down -0.38% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 14246.86 Up +0.44% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 30937.69 Up +1.96% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI 9651.25 Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 622.24/OZ UP +1.35% | Copper US$ 4.31/lb DOWN -0.0032 | Zinc US$ 2 884.80/T DOWN -0.23% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 74.74/BBP DOWN -0.0019 | Platinum US$ 976.09/OZ DOWN -0.0067 Sport results: Currie Cup: Fidelity ADT Lions 14 vs 16 Hollywoodbets Sharks XV Rugby Championship: Australia 28 vs 31 New Zealand Premier League: Crystal Palace 0 vs 0 Manchester United | Tottenham Hotspur 3 vs 1 Brentford | Southampton 1 vs 1 Ipswich Town | Liverpool 3 vs 0 Bournemouth | Leicester City 1 vs 1 Everton | Fulham 3 vs 1 Newcastle | Aston Villa 3 vs 1 Wolves | West Ham 0 vs 3 Chelsea LaLiga: Real Madrid 4 vs 1 Espanyol | Valencia 2 vs 0 Girona | Osasuna 2 vs 1 Las Palmas | Real Valladolid 0 vs 0 Real Sociedad | Deportivo Alaves 2 vs 1 Sevilla | Leganés 0 vs 2 Athletic Club SerieA: Lecce 2 vs 2 Parma | Juventus 0 vs 0 Napoli | Venezia 2 vs 0 Genoa | Hellas Verona 2 vs 3 Torino | Cagliari 0 vs 2 Empoli European Championships Qualifying: West Bromwich Albion 1 vs 0 Plymouth Argyle | Sheffield United 1 vs 0 Derby County | Luton Town 2 vs 1 Sheffield Wednesday | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Swansea City | Cardiff City 0 vs 2 Leeds United | Burnley 2 vs 1 Portsmouth | Bristol City 2 vs 1 Oxford United | Sunderland 1 vs 0 Middlesbrough | Queens Park Rangers 1 vs 1 Millwall FC | Norwich City 4 vs 1 Watford | Stoke City 1 vs 3 Hull City English Championship: West Bromwich Albion 1 vs 0 Plymouth Argyle | Sheffield United 1 vs 0 Derby County | Luton Town 2 vs 1 Sheffield Wednesday | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Swansea City | Cardiff City 0 vs 2 Leeds United | Burnley 2 vs 1 Portsmouth | Bristol City 2 vs 1 Oxford United | Sunderland 1 vs 0 Middlesbrough | Queens Park Rangers 1 vs 1 Millwall FC | Norwich City 4 vs 1 Watford | Stoke City 1 vs 3 Hull City Weather: Katima Mulilo: 20° | 36° Rundu: 22° | 37° Eenhana: 18° | 38° Oshakati: 18° | 37° Ruacana: 18° | 36° Tsumeb: 22° | 35° Otjiwarongo: 15° | 33° Omaruru: 15° | 35° Windhoek: 15° | 31° Gobabis: 12° | 32° Henties Bay: 11° | 21° Wind speed: 18km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 07:45, High tide: 14:07, Low Tide: 20:11, High tide: 02:00 Swakopmund: 13° | 15° Wind speed: 15km/h, Wind direction: W, Low tide: 07:43, High tide: 14:05, Low Tide: 20:09, High tide: 02:00 Walvis Bay: 11° | 20° Wind speed: 19km/h, Wind direction: W, Low tide: 07:43, High tide: 14:04, Low Tide: 20:09, High tide: 02:00 Rehoboth: 11° | 32° Mariental: 12° | 34° Keetmanshoop: 11° | 31° Aranos: 11° | 33° Lüderitz: 13° | 21° Ariamsvlei: 10° | 30° Oranjemund: 14° | 30° Luanda: 22° | 24° Gaborone: 12° | 25° Lubumbashi: 19° | 35° Mbabane: 8° | 12° Maseru: 4° | 17° Antananarivo: 11° | 32° Lilongwe: 19° | 30° Maputo: 14° | 22° Windhoek: 15° | 31° Cape Town: 11° | 24° Durban: 13° | 18° Johannesburg: 6° | 19° Dar es Salaam: 23° | 30° Lusaka: 19° | 29° Harare: 13° | 28° Economic Indicators: Currency: GBP to NAD 23.26 | EUR to NAD 19.53 | CNY to NAD 2.48 | USD to NAD 17.5 | DZD to NAD 0.13 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.28 | EGP to NAD 0.35 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.65 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.16 | RUB to NAD 0.19 | INR to NAD 0.21 | USD to DZD 131.91 | USD to AOA 927.77 | USD to BWP 13.17 | USD to EGP 48.46 | USD to KES 128.48 | USD to NGN 1593.37 | USD to ZAR 17.41 | USD to ZMW 26.45 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index Same 0 | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1831.97 Down -0.38% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 14246.86 Up +0.44% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 30937.69 Up +1.96% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI 9651.25 Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 622.24/OZ UP +1.35% | Copper US$ 4.31/lb DOWN -0.0032 | Zinc US$ 2 884.80/T DOWN -0.23% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 74.74/BBP DOWN -0.0019 | Platinum US$ 976.09/OZ DOWN -0.0067